Journal
SENSORS
Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s16091500
Keywords
monitoring of GMAW process; weld bead geometry; passive vision; digital images processing; real-Time
Funding
- CNPq
- Capes
- University of Brasilia, UnB
- Finatec Foundation, Brazil
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Associated to the weld quality, the weld bead geometry is one of the most important parameters in welding processes. It is a significant requirement in a welding project, especially in automatic welding systems where a specific width, height, or penetration of weld bead is needed. This paper presents a novel technique for real-time measuring of the width and height of weld beads in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) using a single high-speed camera and a long-pass optical filter in a passive vision system. The measuring method is based on digital image processing techniques and the image calibration process is based on projective transformations. The measurement process takes less than 3 milliseconds per image, which allows a transfer rate of more than 300 frames per second. The proposed methodology can be used in any metal transfer mode of a gas metal arc welding process and does not have occlusion problems. The responses of the measurement system, presented here, are in a good agreement with off-line data collected by a common laser-based 3D scanner. Each measurement is compare using a statistical Welch's t-test of the null hypothesis, which, in any case, does not exceed the threshold of significance level = 0.01, validating the results and the performance of the proposed vision system.
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