Journal
SEMINARS IN FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 356-364Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2016.04.010
Keywords
Cerebellum; Fetal; Preterm; Autism; Developmental diaschisis; Cognition
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R15MH106957]
- National Institutes of Health (IDDRC) [P30HD40677]
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The increasing appreciation of the role of the cerebellum in motor and non-motor functions is crucial to understanding the outcomes of acquired cerebellar injury and developmental lesions in high-risk fetal and neonatal populations, children with cerebellar damage (e.g. posterior fossa tumors), and neuro-developmental disorders (e.g. autism). We review available data regarding the relationship between the topography of cerebellar injury or abnormality and functional outcomes. We report emerging structure function relationships with specific symptoms: cerebellar regions that interconnect with sensorimotor cortices are associated with motor impairments when damaged; disruption to posterolateral cerebellar regions that form circuits with association cortices impact long-term cognitive outcomes; and midline posterior vermal damage is associated with behavioral dysregulation and an autism-like phenotype. We also explore the impact of age and the potential role for critical periods on cerebellar structure and child function. These findings suggest that the cerebellum plays a critical role in motor, cognitive, and social behavioral development, possibly via modulatory effects on the developing cerebral cortex. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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