Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 573, Issue -, Pages 1390-1396Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.091
Keywords
PCB; Penguin; Faeces; Stable isotope; Porphyrin; Antarctica
Categories
Funding
- INACH [T18-09]
- Embassy of Chile in Italy
- FONDECYF [1140466]
- CONICYF FONDAP CRHIAM [15130015]
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Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels were determined in the faeces of three Antarctic Peninsula penguin species to assess viability as a non-invasive approach for sampling PCBs in Antarctic biota. These determinations were complemented with stable isotope and porphyrins assessments, and together this methodology determined the role of diet and metabolic disruption in penguins. Up to 60% of the collected faecal samples evidenced low molecular weight PCBs, of which, the more volatile compounds were predominant, in agreement with previous results. The highest PCB levels were reported in the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua; 35.3ngg(-1) wet weight average), followed by the chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica; 6.4 ngg(-1) wet weight average) and Adlie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae; 12.9 ngg(-1) wet weight average). Stable isotope analyses (delta N-15 and delta C-13) demonstrated that gentoo feeding and foraging habits differed from those of Adelie and chinstrap penguins. A strong positive correlation was found between PCB concentrations and delta N-15, indicating the role of diet on the observed pollutant levels. Porphyrins metabolite levels were also directly correlated with PCB concentrations. These results suggest that PCB levels impair the health of Antarctic penguins. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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