Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 571, Issue -, Pages 82-91Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.068
Keywords
Emerging pollutants; Exposure pathways; PBDEs; House dust; Multi-media; Indoor environment; Daily intake
Categories
Funding
- Incheon National University Research Grant
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013R1A1A2012696]
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Human exposure studies to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have reacheddifferent results about the relative importance of diet intake and house dust ingestion. In the present study, concentrations of PBDEs in Korean house dust (n =15) from geographically different cities were measured, which were in agreement with a previous result and compared with those for 22 countries of five continents collected from the most recent scientific literature. Compared with other exposure pathways, diet intake was the most important contributor to total PBDEs exposure of Korean adults (i.e., 71% of overall intake). On global comparison, total PBDE levels in house dust differed by two to three orders of magnitude among the countries investigated, with a significant relationship with gross domestic product (GDP). Whereas, dietary daily intakes exhibited a narrow difference within one order of magnitude worldwide and no relationship with GDP. Consequently, the relative importance of major two pathways depended on the contamination extent of PBDEs in house dust, which may be associated with the amount of PBDE products in use. In most countries except for UK and USA, the contribution of house dust ingestion was less important than diet intake in the current and are expected to much more mitigate in the future. However, how fast the effect of regulation will be reflected to house dust and human exposure is necessary to be monitored steadily. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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