Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 542, Issue -, Pages 777-786Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.129
Keywords
Vietnam; PCBs; OCPs; Atmosphere; Enantiomerics
Categories
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB956102]
- NSFC [41473118, 41273139]
- BaGui Scholars Program Foundation
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Passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed concurrently at 15 locations (nine urban sites and six rural sites) in Vietnam and exposed for approximately 6 weeks from June 26, 2012 to August 26, 2012 and from December 8, 2012 to February 8, 2013. The concentration, composition and enantiomeric signatures of the target compound and Air Mass Backward Trajectories of the 15 sampling sites are presented and discussed in this study. Relatively clean air mass from ocean and similar concentrations and composition of POPs between the south and north of Vietnam indicate that local emissions is most likely the major source of POPs in Vietnam. Technical DDT and technical HCH were widely used in Vietnam and corresponding quantitative data suggests the sporadic use. The preferential degradation of (+)-alpha-HCH was found in all sampling sites, which could be a regional characteristic of Vietnam. High trans-/cis-chlordane (TC/CC) ratios indicate the current use of technical chlordane for termite control. PCA estimated that main source of PCBs present in the atmosphere of Vietnam was uncontrolled discarded e-waste. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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