Journal
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages 46-56Publisher
SCIENCE PRESS
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0322-x
Keywords
lipid storage; lipid droplet; TAG synthesis; atypical LD fusion; lipolysis
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31420040, 31321003, 31501089]
- National Basic Research Program [2013CB530602]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M581079]
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Adequate energy storage is essential for sustaining healthy life. Lipid droplet (LD) is the subcellular organelle that stores energy in the form of neutral lipids and releases fatty acids under energy deficient conditions. Energy storage capacity of LDs is primarily dependent on the sizes of LDs. Enlargement and growth of LDs is controlled by two molecular pathways: neutral lipid synthesis and atypical LD fusion. Shrinkage of LDs is mediated by the degradation of neutral lipids under energy demanding conditions and is controlled by neutral cytosolic lipases and lysosomal acidic lipases. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the regulatory pathways and molecular mechanisms that control the sizes and the energy storage capacity of LDs.
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