Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 353, Issue 6299, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5037
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Funding
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [FIS2013-48286-C2-1-P]
- Army Research Office (ARO) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) on topological insulators [W911-NF-12-1-0461]
- NSF CAREER [DMR-0952428]
- NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) [DMR-1005438]
- Packard Foundation
- Keck grant
- ARO MURI
- NSF MRSEC
- [ONR-N00014-11-1-0635]
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In quantum field theory, we learn that fermions come in three varieties: Majorana, Weyl, and Dirac. Here, we show that in solid-state systems this classification is incomplete, and we find several additional types of crystal symmetry-protected free fermionic excitations. We exhaustively classify linear and quadratic three-, six-, and eight-band crossings stabilized by space group symmetries in solid-state systems with spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry. Several distinct types of fermions arise, differentiated by their degeneracies at and along high-symmetry points, lines, and surfaces. Some notable consequences of these fermions are the presence of Fermi arcs in non-Weyl systems and the existence of Dirac lines. Ab initio calculations identify a number of materials that realize these exotic fermions close to the Fermi level.
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