Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 352, Issue 6285, Pages 539-544Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9378
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Funding
- Symbiotic Biotherapies
- NIH [DK44319, R21 AI090102]
- Harvard Digestive Diseases Center [DK0034854]
- U.S. Department of Defense [W81XWH-15-1-0368]
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Microbial colonization of mucosal tissues during infancy plays an instrumental role in the development and education of the host mammalian immune system. These early-life events can have long-standing consequences: facilitating tolerance to environmental exposures or contributing to the development of disease in later life, including inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, and asthma. Recent studies have begun to define a critical period during early development in which disruption of optimal host-commensal interactions can lead to persistent and in some cases irreversible defects in the development and training of specific immune subsets. Here, we discuss the role of early-life education of the immune system during this window of opportunity, when microbial colonization has a potentially critical impact on human health and disease.
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