Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 354, Issue 6310, Pages 316-321Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1715
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Funding
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation as part of the EPiQS initiative [GBMF4530]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- NSF [DMR-1104612]
- NSF-MRSEC programs through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials [DMR-1420541, ARO-W911NF-1-0606]
- ARO-MURI program [W911NF-12-1-0461]
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund at Princeton
- Dicke fellowship
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- DOE Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering grant [DE-FG03-02ER45958]
- Welch foundation grant [F1473]
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Nematic quantum fluids with wave functions that break the underlying crystalline symmetry can form in interacting electronic systems. We examined the quantum Hall states that arise in high magnetic fields from anisotropic hole pockets on the Bi(111) surface. Spectroscopy performed with a scanning tunneling microscope showed that a combination of single-particle effects and many-body Coulomb interactions lift the six-fold Landau level (LL) degeneracy to form three valley-polarized quantum Hall states. We imaged the resulting anisotropic LL wave functions and found that they have a different orientation for each broken-symmetry state. The wave functions correspond to those expected from pairs of hole valleys and provide a direct spatial signature of a nematic electronic phase.
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