Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 354, Issue 6309, Pages 213-217Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8852
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Funding
- European Commission [643476]
- European Commission FP7 program [278433]
- U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area
- National Institutes of Health [1R01AI101028-02A1]
- United Kingdom Research Council Environmental and Social Ecology of Human Infectious Diseases UrbanZoo program [G1100783/1]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Zoonoses in Livestock in Kenya ZooLinK programs [BB/L019019/1]
- CGIAR Research Programme on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences Lendulet (Momentum) program
- Wellcome Trust [093724/B/10/Z]
- University of Edinburgh Chancellor's Fellowship scheme
- Roslin Institute BBSRC strategic program [BB/J004227/1]
- Centre of Expertise in Animal Disease Outbreaks (EPIC)
- Wellcome Trust [093724/B/10/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- BBSRC [BBS/E/D/20241864, BB/L019019/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [G1100783] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/D/20241864, BB/L019019/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [G1100783] Funding Source: researchfish
- Institute of Planning & Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (iPET), Republic of Korea [I-1543084-2015-24-0102] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Avian influenza viruses affect both poultry production and public health. A subtype H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4) virus, following an outbreak in poultry in South Korea in January 2014, rapidly spread worldwide in 2014-2015. Our analysis of H5N8 viral sequences, epidemiological investigations, waterfowl migration, and poultry trade showed that long-distance migratory birds can play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses. Further, we found that the hemagglutinin of clade 2.3.4.4 virus was remarkably promiscuous, creating reassortants with multiple neuraminidase subtypes. Improving our understanding of the circumpolar circulation of avian influenza viruses in migratory waterfowl will help to provide early warning of threats from avian influenza to poultry, and potentially human, health.
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