Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 353, Issue 6300, Pages 669-673Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2468
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Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) [StG. 279765]
- Max Planck Society
- Max Planck Foundation
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200020-100632, 200021L_138175, 200020_159755, 200021_165854]
- Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences
- BQR de l'UFR de physique fondamentale et appliquee de l'Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6
- program PAI Germaine de Stael du ministere des affaires etrangeres France [07819NH]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
- FEDER [PTDC/FIS/102110/2008, SFRH/BPD/46611/2008, SFRH/BPD/74775/2010, SFRH/BPD/76842/2011]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [GR 3172/9-1]
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [100-2112-M-007-006-MY3]
- ExtreMe Matter Institute, Helmholtz Alliance [HA216/EMMI]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200020_159755, 200021L_138175, 200021_165854] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [SFRH/BPD/46611/2008, SFRH/BPD/74775/2010, PTDC/FIS/102110/2008] Funding Source: FCT
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The deuteron is the simplest compound nucleus, composed of one proton and one neutron. Deuteron properties such as the root-mean-square charge radius r(d) and the polarizability serve as important benchmarks for understanding the nuclear forces and structure. Muonic deuterium mu d is the exotic atom formed by a deuteron and a negative muon mu-. We measured three 2S-2P transitions in md and obtain r(d) = 2.12562(78) fm, which is 2.7 times more accurate but 7.5 sigma smaller than the CODATA-2010 value r(d) = 2.1424(21) fm. The md value is also 3.5 sigma smaller than the rd value from electronic deuterium spectroscopy. The smaller rd, when combined with the electronic isotope shift, yields a small proton radius r(p), similar to the one from muonic hydrogen, amplifying the proton radius puzzle.
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