Journal
RNA BIOLOGY
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 680-692Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646
Keywords
box C/D RNP; box H/ACA RNP; Hsp90/R2TP; RNP assembly; RNP trafficking; snoRNA; scaRNA
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Funding
- French Center National de la Recherche (CNRS)
- Universite de Lorraine
- Plan Etat Region Lorraine, grants from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-11-BSV8-01503]
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (equipe labellisee) [30025555 Grand-Est]
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Box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs are abundant non-coding RNAs that localize in the nucleolus and mostly function as guides for nucleotide modifications. While a large pool of snoRNAs modifies rRNAs, an increasing number of snoRNAs could also potentially target mRNAs. ScaRNAs belong to a family of specific RNAs that localize in Cajal bodies and that are structurally similar to snoRNAs. Most scaRNAs are involved in snRNA modification, while telomerase RNA, which contains H/ACA motifs, functions in telomeric DNA synthesis. In this review, we describe how box C/D and H/ACA snoRNAs are processed and assembled with core proteins to form functional RNP particles. Their biogenesis involve several transport factors that first direct pre-snoRNPs to Cajal bodies, where some processing steps are believed to take place, and then to nucleoli. Assembly of core proteins involves the HSP90/R2TP chaperone-cochaperone system for both box C/D and H/ACA RNAs, but also several factors specific for each family. These assembly factors chaperone unassembled core proteins, regulate the formation and disassembly of pre-snoRNP intermediates, and control the activity of immature particles. The AAA+ ATPase RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 belong to the R2TP co-chaperones and play essential roles in snoRNP biogenesis, as well as in the formation of other macro-molecular complexes. Despite intensive research, their mechanisms of action are still incompletely understood.
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