Journal
RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Volume 42, Issue 1, Pages 15-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.002
Keywords
Glucocorticoid; Glucocorticoid receptor; Glucocorticoid signaling; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Isoforms; Phosphorylation; Polymorphism
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Glucocorticoids are primary stress hormones that regulate a variety of physiologic processes and are essential for life. The actions of glucocorticolds are predominantly mediated through the classic glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GRs are expressed throughout the body, but there is considerable heterogeneity in glucocorticoid sensitivity and biologic responses across tissues. The conventional belief that glucocorticoids act through a single GR protein has changed dramatically with the discovery of a diverse collection of receptor isoforms. This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucocorticoid actions, highlights the dynamic nature of hormone signaling, and discusses the molecular properties of the GR isoforms.
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