Journal
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
Volume 88, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.88.015007
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Funding
- LCLS
- Stanford University through the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences (SIMES)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)
- University of Hamburg through the BMBF priority program [FSP 301]
- Center for Free Electron Laser (CFEL)
- Max Planck Society
- Norah Berrah through a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, SISGR Grant [DE-SC0002004]
- DOE Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [SF00515]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-SC0012704, DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0002004] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. LCLS provides femtosecond pulses of x rays (270 eV to 11.2 keV) with very high peak brightness to access new domains of ultrafast x-ray science. This article presents the fundamental FEL physics and outlines the LCLS source characteristics along with the experimental challenges, strategies, and instrumentation that accompany this novel type of x-ray source. The main part of the article reviews the scientific achievements since the inception of LCLS in the five primary areas it serves: atomic, molecular, and optical physics; condensed matter physics; matter in extreme conditions; chemistry and soft matter, and biology.
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