Journal
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY & NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 226, Issue -, Pages 87-93Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.10.012
Keywords
Superior colliculus; Inferior colliculus; Alerting response; Respiratory activity; Respiratory-sympathetic coupling; Command neuron
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Threatening stimuli trigger rapid and coordinated behavioral responses supported by cardiorespiratory changes. The midbrain colliculi can generate coordinated orienting or defensive behavioral responses, and it has been proposed that collicular neurons also generate appropriate cardiovascular and respiratory responses to support such behaviors. We have shown previously that under conditions where collicular neurons are disinhibited, coordinated cardiovascular, somatomotor and respiratory responses can be evoked independently of the cortex by auditory, visual and somatosensory stimuli. Here we report that these natural stimuli effectively increase inspiratory time most likely though phase switching. As a result the pattern of phrenic and sympathetic coupling is an inspiratory-related sympathoexcitation. We propose that blockade of tonic GABAergic input in the midbrain colliculi permits alerting stimuli to drive command neurons that generate coordinated cardiovascular, respiratory and motor outputs. The outputs of these command neurons likely interact with the central respiratory pattern generator, however the precise output pathways mediating the coordinated autonomic and respiratory responses remain to be determined. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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