Journal
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
Volume 59, Issue -, Pages 167-182Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.09.006
Keywords
Bisphenol A; Cancer; Mammary; Prostate; Uterus; Ovary; Estrogen receptor; Testes
Categories
Funding
- NIH [CA090398, CA154384, CA172220, ES018758, ES015584, ES018822, ES08314, ES020888]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA172220, R01CA154384, R01CA090398] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [RC2ES018822, U01ES020888, R01ES008314, R01ES015584, RC2ES018758, P30ES006096] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The estrogenic properties of bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous synthetic monomer that can leach into the food and water supply, have prompted considerable research into exposure-associated health risks in humans. Endocrine-disrupting properties of BPA suggest it may impact developmental plasticity during early life, predisposing individuals to disease at doses below the oral reference dose (RfD) established by the Environmental Protection Agency in 1982. Herein, we review the current in vivo literature evaluating the carcinogenic properties of BPA. We conclude that there is substantial evidence from rodent studies indicating that early-life BPA exposures below the RfD lead to increased susceptibility to mammary and prostate cancer. Based on the definitions of carcinogen put forth by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the National Toxicology Program, we propose that BPA may be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen in the breast and prostate due to its tumor promoting properties. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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