Estimation of rooftop solar photovoltaic potential using geo-spatial techniques: A perspective from planned neighborhood of Karachi - Pakistan

With an ever increasing population and significant solar resource availability throughout the whole year, Karachi metropolis hold a promising rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) potential considering its millions of urban households. This research work highlights techniques to combine geographic information systems (GIS) and object-based image recognition approach to identify the available rooftop area for PV deployment in a small scale region of DHA Phase 7 Karachi. A six step methodology has been adopted for the estimation of rooftop PV potential which involves geographic division of high resolution satellite imagery; sampling and rooftop feature extraction using FE tool of ENVI EX software; extrapolation of rooftop areas for the entire ROI using roof area-population relationship; visual inspection to analyze different rooftop factors such as building orientation, shading effect from trees and nearby buildings and other roof uses; a comparison of extracted rooftops to the physically measured sample rooftops, reduction for shading and other uses; and finally conversion to energy and power outputs. A relationship of total roof area and population of 13 m(2)/capita +/- 5% has been found. With higher efficiency rooftop PV panels, 12.24 MW of solar power can be generated which is 122.4% of peak power demand of DHA Phase 7. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.