Structural model, size effect and nano-energy system design for more sustainable energy of solid state automotive battery

As compared to traditional batteries, solid state nano-energy batteries have a higher voltage and a wider potential range. In addition, they possess unique characteristics such as high specific capacity, high energy density, fast charging and discharging, explaining why they are considered the reliable energy batteries for electric vehicles. Since these batteries are capable of achieving larger capacity and longer life through nanotechnology, they are prospective in the field of renewable and sustainable energy for electric vehicles. This Review comprehensively summaries and discusses the work of new structural models, size effect and energy system design of solid state batteries. It also analyzes the main challenges and battery's industrial potential for electric vehicles, focusing on the compatibility between solid state electrolyte and battery electrode. With respects to the life span, power density and energy capacity, this Review indicates the prospects of solid state batteries, combines design with application and outlines the research direction of the technologies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.