Journal
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
Volume 105, Issue -, Pages 15-25Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.12.005
Keywords
Omega-3 fatty acids; Lipid-derived immune modulators; Gene expression; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Morbidity
Funding
- Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands [AGR14984]
- North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- National Research Foundation of South Africa [IAQ20110201APP137]
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We recently reported that iron supplementation increased respiratory morbidity in iron deficient South African children. This increase, however, was attenuated when iron was provided in combination with a mixture of DHA/EPA. To explore potential underlying mechanisms, we examined the effects of iron and DHA/EPA, alone and in combination, on plasma lipid-derived immune modulator concentrations and related gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). DHA/EPA decreased inflammatory 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and tended to increase anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), while iron decreased 17-HDHA. However, in combination with iron, the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA/EPA was maintained. These biochemical changes may explain the prevention of iron-induced respiratory morbidity that we observed when iron was supplemented in combination with DHA/EPA during the 8.5 month randomised controlled trial and might lead to a safer approach of delivering iron supplementation. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01092377. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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