Journal
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Volume 59, Issue 2, Pages 165-171Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.07.011
Keywords
Ezetimibe; PCSK9 inhibitor; Risk reduction
Categories
Funding
- Amarin
- Amgen
- Astra-Zeneca
- Eli Lilly
- Esai
- Glaxo-Smith Kline
- Merck
- Pfizer
- Regeneron/Sanofi
- Takeda
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After maximizing statin and lifestyle adherence, some patients may benefit from additional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering. The potential for net benefit from added therapy can inform nonstatin decision-making. Considering patient risk and the LDL-C level on statin, the additional potential cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction benefit from further lowering LDL-C depends on the magnitude of LDL-C lowering from the nonstatin. Ezetimibe is the only nonstatin shown to reduce atherosclerotic CVD events added to a statin, albeit modestly, since it modestly reduces LDL-C by about 20%. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Like/Kexin Type 9 mononclonal antibodies lower LDL-Cby 45-65%, but definitive CVD outcomes and safety trials are pending. Niacin and fenofibrate do not clearly reduce CVD events in statin-treated patients, and may increase adverse events. Bile acid sequestrants have not been evaluated in CVD outcome trials in statin-treated patients, and have an excess of adverse effects. Cost also plays a role in access to nonstatin therapy. These considerations may inform shared decision-making. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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