Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 113, Issue 33, Pages 9363-9368Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1523583113
Keywords
excitation; inhibition; state-dependent firing; wave propagation; synchrony
Categories
Funding
- Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering
- Agence Nationale de le Recherche [ANR-10-IAIHU-06]
- CNSR European Community Future and Emerging Technologies program (BrainScales) [FP7-269921]
- CNSR European Community Future and Emerging Technologies program (Human Brain Project) [FP7-604102]
- ONR (Multidisciplinary University Research Initiatives Award) [N00014-13-1-0672]
- NIH Grants [5R01NS062092, R01EB009282, R01NS045853, R01MH099645]
- NIH Training Grant [5T32EY20503-5]
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Beta (beta)-and gamma (gamma)-oscillations are present in different cortical areas and are thought to be inhibition-driven, but it is not known if these properties also apply to gamma-oscillations in humans. Here, we analyze such oscillations in high-density microelectrode array recordings in human and monkey during the wake-sleep cycle. In these recordings, units were classified as excitatory and inhibitory cells. We find that gamma-oscillations in human and beta-oscillations in monkey are characterized by a strong implication of inhibitory neurons, both in terms of their firing rate and their phasic firing with the oscillation cycle. The beta- and gamma-waves systematically propagate across the array, with similar velocities, during both wake and sleep. However, only in slow-wave sleep (SWS) beta- and gamma-oscillations are associated with highly coherent and functional interactions across several millimeters of the neocortex. This interaction is specifically pronounced between inhibitory cells. These results suggest that inhibitory cells are dominantly involved in the genesis of beta- and gamma-oscillations, as well as in the organization of their large-scale coherence in the awake and sleeping brain. The highest oscillation coherence found during SWS suggests that fast oscillations implement a highly coherent reactivation of wake patterns that may support memory consolidation during SWS.
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