Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 113, Issue 43, Pages 12088-12093Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604613113
Keywords
lasers; shock wave; amorphization; boron carbide
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Funding
- Office of Basic Energy Science, US Department of Energy
- University of California Research Laboratories Grant [09-LR-06-118456-MEYM]
- National Laser Users Facility Grant [PE-FG52-09NA-29043]
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Solid-state shock-wave propagation is strongly nonequilibrium in nature and hence rate dependent. Using high-power pulsed-laser-driven shock compression, unprecedented high strain rates can be achieved; here we report the directional amorphization in boron carbide polycrystals. At a shock pressure of 45 similar to 50 GPa, multiple planar faults, slightly deviated from maximum shear direction, occur a few hundred nanometers below the shock surface. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that these planar faults are precursors of directional amorphization. It is proposed that the shear stresses cause the amorphization and that pressure assists the process by ensuring the integrity of the specimen. Thermal energy conversion calculations including heat transfer suggest that amorphization is a solid-state process. Such a phenomenon has significant effect on the ballistic performance of B4C.
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