Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 113, Issue 36, Pages 10085-10090Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601895113
Keywords
circadian; clock; virus; herpes; influenza
Categories
Funding
- Wellcome Trust [083643/Z/07/Z, 100333/Z/12/Z, 100574/Z/12/Z]
- European Research Council [281348]
- European Molecular Biology Organization Young Investigators Programme
- Lister Institute of Preventative Medicine
- Medical Research Council [MRC_MC_UU_12012/5]
- Marie Curie Actions (FP7
- Research Executive Agency) [627630]
- Wellcome Trust [100333/Z/12/Z, 083643/Z/07/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
- MRC [MC_UU_12012/5, MC_UP_1201/4] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [281348] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Medical Research Council [MC_UU_12012/5, 1352392, MC_UP_1201/4, MC_UU_12012/5/B] Funding Source: researchfish
- The Francis Crick Institute [10534] Funding Source: researchfish
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Viruses are intracellular pathogens that hijack host cell machinery and resources to replicate. Rather than being constant, host physiology is rhythmic, undergoing circadian (similar to 24 h) oscillations in many virus-relevant pathways, but whether daily rhythms impact on viral replication is unknown. We find that the time of day of host infection regulates virus progression in live mice and individual cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that herpes and influenza A virus infections are enhancedwhen host circadian rhythms are abolished by disrupting the key clock gene transcription factor Bmal1. Intracellular trafficking, biosynthetic processes, protein synthesis, and chromatin assembly all contribute to circadian regulation of virus infection. Moreover, herpesviruses differentially target components of the molecular circadian clockwork. Our work demonstrates that viruses exploit the clockwork for their own gain and that the clock represents a novel target for modulating viral replication that extends beyond any single family of these ubiquitous pathogens.
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