Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
Volume 104, Issue 12, Pages 2323-2337Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2582078
Keywords
Electromagnetic metamaterials; metal-insulator structures; optical gain; optical losses; plasmons; semiconductor lasers
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [ECE3972, ECCS-1229677]
- NSF Center for Integrated Access Networks [EEC-0812072, 502629]
- U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0678]
- Cymer Corporation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1507146] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [1405234] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Plasmonic modes provide the potential for routing information with optical speeds and bandwidth at the nanoscale. The inherent tradeoff between modal energy confinement and energy dissipation, however, makes realizing this potential an extreme challenge. For decades, researchers have investigated compensating losses in plasmonic systems with active gain media. In recent years, progress has increased dramatically, as nanoscale plasmonic amplifiers and lasers have emerged. We review this progress and offer our prospective on the challenges ahead.
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