Journal
PLANTA MEDICA
Volume 82, Issue 6, Pages 524-529Publisher
GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111631
Keywords
Papaver rhoeas; Papaveraceae; bee pollen; Apis mellifera; neuraminidase inhibitors; anti-influenza activity; flavonoid glycosides
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Funding
- Basic Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2012R1A1A3011559]
- Research Base Construction Fund Support Program - Chonbuk National University
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2012R1A1A3011559] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The active constituents of Korean Papaver rhoeas bee pollen conferring neuraminidase inhibitory activities (H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1) were investigated. Six flavonoids and one alkaloid were isolated and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. These included kaempferol-3-sophoroside (1), kaempferol-3-neohesperidoside (2), kaempferol-3-sambubioside (3), kaempferol-3-glucoside (4), quercetin-3-sophoroside (5), luteolin (6), and chelianthifoline (7). All compounds showed neuraminidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 10.7 to 151.1 mu M. The most potent neuraminidase inhibitor was luteolin, which was the dominant content in the ethyl acetate fraction. All tested compounds displayed noncompetitive inhibition of H3N2 neuraminidase. Furthermore, compounds 1-7 all reduced the severity of virally induced cytopathic effects as determined by the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell-based assay showing antiviral activity with IC50 values ranging from 10.7 to 33.4 mu M (zanamivir: 58.3 mu M). The active compounds were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the total amount of compounds 1-7 made up about 0.592 g/100 g bee pollen, contributing a rich resource of a natural antiviral product.
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