Journal
PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 253, Issue -, Pages 187-193Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.10.002
Keywords
Actin cytoskeleton; Auxin; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; Epinasty; Ethylene; Hyponasty; Microtubules; Nitric oxide; Reactive oxygen species
Categories
Funding
- ERDF [BIO2012-36742, BIO2015-67657-P]
- MICINN
- Junta de Andalucia in Spain [BIO-337]
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Leaf epinasty involves the downward bending of leaves as a result of disturbances in their growth, with a greater expansion in adaxial cells as compared to abaxial surface cells. The co-ordinated anisotropy of growth in epidermal, palisade mesophyll and vascular tissues contributes to epinasty. This phenotype, which is regulated by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA), controls plant cell division and elongation by regulating the expression of a vast number of genes. Other plant hormones, such as ethylene, abscisic acid and brassinosteroids, also regulate epinasty and hyponasty. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by auxins and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) triggers epinasty. The role of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of epinasty has recently been established. Thus, treatment with synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induces disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton through ROS and NO-dependent post-translational modifications in actin by carbonylation and S-nitrosylation, which cause a reduction in the actin filament. Reorientation of microtubules has become a major feature of the response to auxin. The cytoskeleton is therefore a key player in epinastic development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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