Journal
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 172, Issue 4, Pages 2347-2362Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00384
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31370212, 31270224]
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design
- Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (111 Project) [B13007]
- Programme for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT13047]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2013M530536, 2015M570943]
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Seeds with physiological dormancy usually experience primary and secondary dormancy in the nature; however, little is known about the differential regulation of primary and secondary dormancy. We combined multiple approaches to investigate cytological changes, hormonal levels, and gene expression dynamics in Cunninghamia lanceolata seeds during primary dormancy release and secondary dormancy induction. Light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that protein bodies in the embryo cells coalesced during primary dormancy release and then separated during secondary dormancy induction. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that expression of genes negatively regulating gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity reduced specifically during primary dormancy release, whereas the expression of genes positively regulating abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis increased during secondary dormancy induction. Parallel analysis of RNA ends revealed uncapped transcripts for; 55% of all unigenes. A negative correlation between fold changes in expression levels of uncapped versus capped mRNAs was observed during primary dormancy release. However, this correlation was loose during secondary dormancy induction. Our analyses suggest that the reversible changes in cytology and gene expression during dormancy release and induction are related to ABA/GA balance. Moreover, mRNA degradation functions as a critical posttranscriptional regulator during primary dormancy release. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for understanding physiological dormancy in seeds.
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