Journal
PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 92, Issue 1-2, Pages 143-159Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0500-9
Keywords
ABA; Osmotic stress; Plant development; Stomatal aperture; SIZ1; SUMO proteases
Categories
Funding
- FEDER through the Operational Competitiveness Program-COMPETE
- national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT-within the scope of project SUMOdulator [FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028459, PTDC/BIA-PLA/3850/2012]
- FCT [PTDC/BIA-PLA/3850/2012, SFRH/BD/44484/2008]
- Genomics and Evolutionary Biology project
- North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2-O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- FEDER (COMPETE)
- FCT, for Rede de Investigacao em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva [UID/BIA/50027/2013, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006821]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BIA-PLA/3850/2012, SFRH/BD/44484/2008, UID/BIA/50027/2013] Funding Source: FCT
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Sumoylation is an essential post-translational regulator of plant development and the response to environmental stimuli. SUMO conjugation occurs via an E1-E2-E3 cascade, and can be removed by SUMO proteases (ULPs). ULPs are numerous and likely to function as sources of specificity within the pathway, yet most ULPs remain functionally unresolved. In this report we used loss-of-function reverse genetics and transcriptomics to functionally characterize Arabidopsis thaliana ULP1c and ULP1d SUMO proteases. GUS reporter assays implicated ULP1c/d in various developmental stages, and subsequent defects in growth and germination were uncovered using loss-of-function mutants. Microarray analysis evidenced not only a deregulation of genes involved in development, but also in genes controlled by various drought-associated transcriptional regulators. We demonstrated that ulp1c ulp1d displayed diminished in vitro root growth under low water potential and higher stomatal aperture, yet leaf transpirational water loss and whole drought tolerance were not significantly altered. Generation of a triple siz1 ulp1c ulp1d mutant suggests that ULP1c/d and the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 may display separate functions in development yet operate epistatically in response to water deficit. We provide experimental evidence that Arabidopsis ULP1c and ULP1d proteases act redundantly as positive regulators of growth, and operate mainly as isopeptidases downstream of SIZ1 in the control of water deficit responses.
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