Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 86, Issue 5, Pages 363-375Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13177
Keywords
Brachypodium distachyon; esterase; lignin biosynthesis; Medicago truncatula; switchgrass
Categories
Funding
- US National Science Foundation Integrated Organismal Systems [1139489]
- BioEnergy Science Center (Oak Ridge National Laboratory, DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-AC05-000R22725]
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE Office of Science) [BER DE-FC02-07ER64494]
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1639618, 1139489] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Biochemical and genetic analyses have previously identified caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, although the generality of this finding has been questioned. Here we show the presence of CSE genes and associated enzyme activity in barrel medic (Medicago truncatula, dicot, Leguminosae), poplar (Populus deltoides, dicot, Salicaceae), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum, monocot, Poaceae). Loss of function of CSE in transposon insertion lines of M. truncatula results in severe dwarfing, altered development, reduction in lignin content, and preferential accumulation of hydroxyphenyl units in lignin, indicating that the CSE enzyme is critical for normal lignification in this species. However, the model grass Brachypodium distachyon and corn (Zea mays) do not possess orthologs of the currently characterized CSE genes, and crude protein extracts from stems of these species exhibit only a weak esterase activity with caffeoyl shikimate. Our results suggest that the reaction catalyzed by CSE may not be essential for lignification in all plant species.
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