The aromatic cytokinin meta-topolin promotes in vitro propagation, shoot quality and micrografting in Corylus colurna L.

The role of 4.1 or 8.2 mu M meta-topolin (mT) on shoot multiplication, rooting and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated Corylus colurna L., a promising non-suckering rootstock for hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), was examined in comparison to N-6-benzyladenine (BA), the most used cytokinin in tissue culture of Corylus spp. The influence of 8.2 mu M mT and BA on photosynthetic pigments content and antioxidant enzymes activity, catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), in regenerated shoots, and on the preparation of the rootstock for micrografting was also evaluated. The highest shoot multiplication was recorded on medium containing 8.2 mu M mT and an overall positive effect of mT on growth and quality of micropropagated shoots was found. The highest chlorophyll a content (1.236 mg g(-1) fresh weight, FW) and chlorophyll a/b ratio (2.48), and the lowest total carotenoids content (0.292 mg g(-1) FW) and CAT activity (25.8 mu mol min(-1) mg(-1) protein) were detected after 8.2 mu M mT application, while no significant differences were found in chlorophyll b content and POD activity between the two cytokinins. The best rhizogenesis response (98% for 4.1 mu M and 100% for 8.2 mu M mT) and ex vitro acclimatization competence (higher than 78%) were exhibited from shoots multiplied on mT. Furthermore, the multiplication of rootstock on mT allowed obtaining the highest (70%) response of successful micrografting. The present findings provide the first evidence of the successful applicability of mT in C. colurna tissue culture and development of micrografted plantlets.