Journal
PLANT CELL
Volume 28, Issue 8, Pages 1860-1878Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00143
Keywords
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation SNSF [31003A_147074]
- University of Zurich [Forschungskredit_13-101]
- Heinz-Imhof Fellowship from the ETH Foundation
- SystemsX.ch RTD project Plant growth in a changing environment
- EU FP7 project TiMet [245143]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_147074] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Starch serves functions that range over a timescale of minutes to years, according to the cell type from which it is derived. In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and alpha-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening. In the leaves, starch typically accumulates gradually during the day and is degraded at night by BAM3 to support heterotrophic metabolism. During osmotic stress, starch is degraded in the light by stress-activated BAM1 to release sugar and sugar-derived osmolytes. Here, we report that AMY3 is also involved in stress-induced starch degradation. Recently isolated Arabidopsis thaliana amy3 bam1 double mutants are hypersensitive to osmotic stress, showing impaired root growth. amy3 bam1 plants close their stomata under osmotic stress at similar rates as the wild type but fail to mobilize starch in the leaves. C-14 labeling showed that amy3 bam1 plants have reduced carbon export to the root, affecting osmolyte accumulation and root growth during stress. Using genetic approaches, we further demonstrate that abscisic acid controls the activity of BAM1 and AMY3 in leaves under osmotic stress through the AREB/ABF-SnRK2 kinase-signaling pathway. We propose that differential regulation and isoform subfunctionalization define starch-adaptive plasticity, ensuring an optimal carbon supply for continued growth under an ever-changing environment.
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