Journal
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 257-268Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12611
Keywords
anthocyaninless; Argonaute; CRISPR/Cas9; gene editing; maize; targeted mutagenesis
Funding
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) [2014-67013-21720]
- Iowa State University Presidential Initiative for Interdisciplinary Research
- US National Science Foundation [PGRP 1339229]
- NIFA-USDA [IOW05162]
- State of Iowa funds
- Charoen Pokphand Indonesia
- Division Of Integrative Organismal Systems
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1649424] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool in many organisms, including a number of monocots and dicots. Although the design and application of CRISPR/Cas9 is simpler compared to other nuclease-based genome editing tools, optimization requires the consideration of the DNA delivery and tissue regeneration methods for a particular species to achieve accuracy and efficiency. Here, we describe a public sector system, ISU Maize CRISPR, utilizing Agrobacterium-delivered CRISPR/Cas9 for high-frequency targeted mutagenesis in maize. This system consists of an Escherichia coli cloning vector and an Agrobacterium binary vector. It can be used to clone up to four guide RNAs for single or multiplex gene targeting. We evaluated this system for its mutagenesis frequency and heritability using four maize genes in two duplicated pairs: Argonaute 18 (ZmAgo18a and ZmAgo18b) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase or anthocyaninless genes (a1 and a4). T-0 transgenic events carrying mono-or diallelic mutations of one locus and various combinations of allelic mutations of two loci occurred at rates over 70% mutants per transgenic events in both Hi-II and B104 genotypes. Through genetic segregation, null segregants carrying only the desired mutant alleles without the CRISPR transgene could be generated in T-1 progeny. Inheritance of an active CRISPR/Cas9 transgene leads to additional target-specific mutations in subsequent generations. Duplex infection of immature embryos by mixing two individual Agrobacterium strains harbouring different Cas9/gRNA modules can be performed for improved cost efficiency. Together, the findings demonstrate that the ISU Maize CRISPR platform is an effective and robust tool to targeted mutagenesis in maize.
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