Journal
PLANT AND SOIL
Volume 415, Issue 1-2, Pages 269-281Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11104-016-3159-8
Keywords
Adsorption; Bacterial wilt; Biochar; Disease control; Root exudate
Categories
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2015CB150503]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41471213, 41671248]
- 111 project [B12009]
- Jiangsu Key Technology RD Program [BE2014340]
- Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST [2015QNRC001]
- Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Qing Lan Project
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We evaluated the efficacy of biochar application for suppressing bacterial wilt of tomato and identified the potential underlying mechanisms involved in the disease control. We measured the impact of two different sized biochar (53-120 mu m and 380-830 mu m) on bacterial wilt incidence in a greenhouse experiment. The efficiency of different sized biochar for the adsorption of tomato root exudates and the pathogen was further examined in vitro. We also quantified the effects of biochar and tomato root exudates on two pathogen virulence factors, chemotaxis, swarming motility and examined the effect of biochar on pathogen root colonization. Fine biochar application (3%; w:w) significantly decreased the bacterial wilt incidence by 19.9%. Biochar with different particle size had similar adsorption capacity for root exudates, while fine biochar was efficient (91%) in pathogen adsorption. Root exudates and fine biochar increased the chemotaxis ability of pathogen, while fine biochar reduced pathogen swarming motility and rhizosphere colonization. Application of fine biochar can significantly decreased bacterial wilt incidence. This was mechanistically explained by biochar ability to 1) adsorb pathogen directly and indirectly via adsorption of root exudates (based on pathogen chemotaxis) and to 2) directly suppress pathogen swarming motility and subsequent root colonization.
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