Retention of phytosiderophores by the soil solid phase - adsorption and desorption

Background and aims Graminaceous plants exude phytosiderophores (PS) for acquiring Fe. Adsorption of PS and its metal complexes to the soil solid phase reduces the FePS solution concentration and hence Fe uptake. In this study we aimed to quantify adsorption, and to determine to what extent adsorption depends on the complexed metal and on soil properties. Furthermore, we examined if adsorption is a reversible process. Methods Adsorption and desorption of PS and metal-PS complexes were examined in batch experiments in which the PS 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and its metal-complexes (FeDMA, CuDMA, NiDMA and ZnDMA) interacted with several calcareous soils. Results Adsorption of DMA ligand (0-1000 mu M) and metal-DMA complexes (0-100 mu M) was linear in the concentration range examined. Adsorption varied by a factor approximate to 2 depending on the complexed metal and by up to a factor 3.5 depending on the soil. Under field-like conditions (50 % water holding capacity), 50-84 % of the DMA was predicted to be retained to the soil solid phase. Alike adsorption, desorption of metal-DMA complexes is fast (approximate equilibrium within 1 hour). However, only a small fraction of the adsorbed FeDMA (28-35 %) could be desorbed. Conclusions Despite this small fraction, the desorbed FeDMA still exceeded the amount in solution, indicating that desorption of FeDMA from soil reactive compounds can be an important process buffering the solution concentration.