Journal
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
Volume 23, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
AIP Publishing
DOI: 10.1063/1.4966047
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Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CBA01504]
- National Science Foundation of China [11421064, 11374209, 11374210]
- Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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The dynamics of electrons forming the boundary layer of a highly nonlinear laser wakefield driven in the so called bubble or blowout regime is investigated using particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that when the driver pulse intensity increases or the focal spot size decreases, a significant amount of electrons initially pushed by the laser pulse can detach from the bubble structure at its tail, middle, or front and form particular classes of waves locally with high densities, referred to as the tail wave, lateral wave, and bow wave. The tail wave and bow wave correspond to real electron trajectories, while the lateral wave does not. The detached electrons can be ejected transversely, containing considerable energy, and reducing the efficiency of the laser wakefield accelerator. Some of the transversely emitted electrons may obtain MeV level energy. These electrons can be used for wake evolution diagnosis and producing high frequency radiation. Published by AIP Publishing.
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