Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 117, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.190601
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Funding
- [26-7602]
- [JP26400404]
- [JP16H02211]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26400404, 16H02211, 25103003, 14J07602] Funding Source: KAKEN
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For a general thermodynamic system described as a Markov process, we prove a general lower bound for dissipation in terms of the square of the heat current, thus establishing that nonvanishing current inevitably implies dissipation. This leads to a universal trade-off relation between efficiency and power, with which we rigorously prove that a heat engine with nonvanishing power never attains the Carnot efficiency. Our theory applies to systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium, and does not assume any specific symmetry of the model.
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