Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 117, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.241101
Keywords
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Funding
- U. S. National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs
- U. S. National Science Foundation-Physics Division
- University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
- Grid Laboratory Of Wisconsin (GLOW)
- Open Science Grid (OSG)
- U. S. Department of Energy
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Louisiana Optical Network Initiative (LONI)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- WestGrid and Compute/Calcul Canada
- Swedish Research Council
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics (HAP)
- Research Department of Plasmas with Complex Interactions (Bochum), Germany
- Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS-FWO)
- FWO Odysseus programme
- Flanders Institute to encourage scientific and technological research in industry (IWT)
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Belspo)
- University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Marsden Fund, New Zealand
- Australian Research Council
- Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Villum Fonden, Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF), Denmark
- STFC [ST/J000507/1, ST/L000474/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/L000474/1, ST/J000507/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Villum Fonden [00013161] Funding Source: researchfish
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [1607644, 1505230, 1403586, 1505296] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16H02174] Funding Source: KAKEN
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We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10(9) GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high-energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5 x 10(5) GeV to above 10(11) GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(6) GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7 +/- 2.0) x 10(5) GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6 sigma. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at > 99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.
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