Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 141, Issue -, Pages 144-153Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.094
Keywords
Anammox; Nitrogen removal; Process start-up; Mainstream application; Biomass preservation; Gel immobilization
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Funding
- Institute for Fermentation, Osaka (IFO), Japan
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Government of Japan
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Nitrogen removal from wastewater via anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox)-based process has been recognized as efficient, cost-effective and low energy alternative to the conventional nitrification and denitrification processes. To date, more than one hundred full-scale anammox plants have been installed and operated for treatment of NH4+-rich wastewater streams around the world, and the number is increasing rapidly. Since the discovery of anammox process, extensive researches have been done to develop various anammox-based technologies. However, there are still some challenges in practical application of anammox-based treatment process at full-scale, e.g., longer start-up period, limited application to mainstream municipal wastewater and poor effluent water quality. This paper aimed to summarize recent status of application of anammox process and researches on technological development for solving these remaining problems. In addition, an integrated system of anammox-based process and microbial fuel cell is proposed for sustainable and energy-positive wastewater treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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