4.6 Article

Is formamide a geochemically plausible prebiotic solvent?

Journal

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 18, Issue 30, Pages 20085-20090

Publisher

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03290g

Keywords

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Funding

  1. NSF
  2. NASA Astrobiology Program, under the NSF Center for Chemical Evolution [CHE-1504217]
  3. Earth-Life Science Institute (ELSI)
  4. ELSI Origins Network (EON)
  5. John Templeton Foundation
  6. JSPS KAKENHI
  7. Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26106003] Funding Source: KAKEN

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From a geochemical perspective, significant amounts of pure formamide (HCONH2) would have likely been rare on the early Earth. There may have been mixed formamide-water solutions, but even in the presence of catalyst, solutions with >= 20 weight% water in formamide would not have produced significant amounts of prebiotic compounds. It might be feasible to produce relatively pure formamide by a rare occurrence of freezing formamide/water mixtures at temperatures lower than formamide's freezing point (2.55 degrees C) but greater than the freezing point of water. Because of the high density of formamide ice it would have sunk and accumulated at the bottom of the solution. If the remaining water froze on the surface of this ice, and was then removed by a sublimation-ablation process, a small amount of pure formamide ice might have been produced. In addition a recent report suggested that similar to 85 weight% formamide could be prepared by a geochemical type of fractional distillation process, offering another possible route for prebiotic formamide production.

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