Journal
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI-RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 381-387Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201600004
Keywords
perovskites; solar cells; humidity; crystallization; single crystals; CH3NH3PbI3
Funding
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Korea government (MEST) [2014R1A2A1A01005046]
- Pioneer Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning [2010-0019313]
- Global Ph.D. Fellowship Program through National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2013H1A2A1033524]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013H1A2A1033524, 2014R1A2A1A01005046] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Control of crystallization of a solution-processed perovskite layer is of prime importance for high performance solar cells. In spite of the negative effect of water on perovskite solar energy conversion in several previous works, we observed that humidity plays a critical role to develop a thin uniform, dense perovskite film with preferred crystals, in particular, in a device with architecture of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH3NH3PbI3/PC71BM/LiF/Al fabricated by two-step sequential spin-coating process. Humidity controlled spin-coating of CH3NH3I on the pre-formed PbI2 layer was the most influential process and systematic structural investigation as a function of humidity revealed that grains of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystals increase in size with their preferred orientation while film surface becomes roughened as the humidity increases. The performance of a device was closely related to the humidity dependent film morphology and in 40% relative humidity, the device exhibited the maximum power conversion efficiency of approximately 12% more than 10 times greater than that of a device fabricated at 20% humidity. The results suggest that our process with controlled humidity can be another efficient route for high performance and reliable perovskite solar cells. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
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