Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 135, Issue -, Pages 182-188Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.036
Keywords
Benzophenone; Photobacterium phosphoreum; Daphnia magna; QSAR; Interspecies relationship
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071319, 21377051, 21407061]
- Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China [2012ZX07506-001]
- Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Nanjing University [2013CL08]
- Planned Science and Technology Project of jiaxing [2014AY21013]
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The hazardous potential of benzophenone (BP)-type UV filters is becoming an issue of great concern due to the wide application of these compounds in many personal care products. In the present study, the toxicities of BPs to Photobacterium phosphoreum and Daphnia magna were determined. Next, density functional theory (DFT) and comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) descriptors were used to obtain more detailed insight into the structure - activity relationships and to preliminarily discuss the toxicity mechanism. Additionally, the sensitivities of the two organisms to BPs and the interspecies toxicity relationship were compared. Moreover, an approach for providing a global index of the environmental risk of BPs to aquatic organisms is proposed. The results demonstrated that the mechanism underlying the toxicity of BPs to P. phosphoreum is primarily related to their electronic properties, and the mechanism of toxicity to D. magna is hydrophobicity. Additionally, D. magna was more sensitive than P. phosphoreum to most of the BPs, with the exceptions of the polyhydric BPs. Moreover, comparisons with published data revealed a high interspecies correlation coefficient among the experimental toxicity values for D. magna and Dugesia japonica. Furthermore, hydrophobicity was also found to be the most important descriptor of integrated toxicity. This investigation will provide insight into the toxicity mechanisms and useful information for assessing the potential ecological risk of BP-type UV filters. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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