Journal
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Volume 371, Issue 1705, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0360
Keywords
optical imaging; haemodynamics; GCaMP; fluorescence; neurovascular coupling; spectroscopy
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [1R01NS063226, 1R01NS076628, 1R21NS053684, 5U01NS094296, F31 NS084538 01]
- National Eye Institute [1R01EY019500]
- National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences [UL1 TR000040]
- National Science Foundation [0954796]
- U.S. Department of Defense [MURI W911NF-12-1-0594]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [MSTP T32 GM007367]
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [F30 HL128023 01]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [0954796] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these techniques remain limited. Conversely, two-dimensional wide-field optical mapping (WFOM), a simpler technique that uses a camera to observe large areas of the exposed cortex under visible light, can detect changes in both neural activity and haemodynamics at very high speeds. Although WFOM may not provide single-neuron or capillary-level resolution, it is an attractive and accessible approach to imaging large areas of the brain in awake, behaving mammals at speeds fast enough to observe widespread neural firing events, as well as their dynamic coupling to haemodynamics. Although such wide-field optical imaging techniques have a long history, the advent of genetically encoded fluorophores that can report neural activity with high sensitivity, as well as modern technologies such as light emitting diodes and sensitive and high-speed digital cameras have driven renewed interest in WFOM. To facilitate the wider adoption and standardization of WFOM approaches for neuroscience and neurovascular coupling research, we provide here an overview of the basic principles of WFOM, considerations for implementation of wide-field fluorescence imaging of neural activity, spectroscopic analysis and interpretation of results. This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
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