Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 129, Issue -, Pages 157-163Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.023
Keywords
PFOS; PFOA; PFBS; HPLC-MS/MS; Yellow Sea; Bioaccumulation factor (BAF)
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea [PM56951]
- Korea Ministry of Environment [ARQ201303082]
- Canada Research Chair program
- Visiting Distinguished Professorship in the Department of Biology and Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong
- program of High Level Foreign Experts - State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs [GDW20123200120]
- PR China to Nanjing University
- Einstein Professor Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Year-round monitoring for perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) along the west coast of South Korea targeting long-term changes in water and coastal organisms has been conducted since 2008. In this study, we present the most recent 5-years of accumulated data and scrutinize the relationship between concentrations in water and biota highlighting bioaccumulation characteristics. Twelve individual PFAAs in samples of water (n = 43) and biota (n = 59) were quantified by use of HPLC-MS/MS after solid phase extraction. In recent years, concentrations of PFAAs in water have been generally decreasing, but profiles of relative concentrations of individual PFAAs vary among location and year. Bioaccumulation of PFAAs in various organisms including fishes, bivalves, crabs, gastropods, shrimps, starfish, and polychaetes varied among species. However; overall bioaccumulation of PFAAs was dependent on corresponding concentrations of PFAAs in water within an area. In organ-specific distributions of PFAAs, greater concentrations of PFAAs were found in intestine of fish (green eel goby). This result suggests that PFAAs are mainly accumulated via dietary exposure, while greater concentrations were found in gill and intestine of bivalve (oyster) which suggests both waterborne and dietary exposures to these organisms. Concentrations of PFAAs in biota did not decrease over time (2008-2010), indicating that continuing bioaccumulation followed by slow degradation or excretion of PFAAs accumulated in biota. Overall, spatio-temporal distributions of PFAAs in water and bioaccumulation characteristics seemed to be associated with recent restrictions of PFOS-based products and uses of PFBS-based substitutes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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