Journal
CHEMMEDCHEM
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 662-687Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402490
Keywords
carbonic anhydrases; fluorescent thermal shift assay; fluorinated benzenesulfonamides; isothermal titration calorimetry; thermofluor; X-ray crystallography
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Funding
- Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-067/2011, VP1-3.1-SMM-01V-02-003]
- COST [TD0905, CM0804]
- FP7-REGPOT-2009-1 program [245721]
- European Social Fund
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Substituted tri- and tetrafluorobenzenesulfonamides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as high-affinity and isoform-selective carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. Their binding affinities for recombinant human CAI, II, VA, VI, VII, XII, and XIII catalytic domains were determined by fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and a stopped-flow CO2 hydration assay. Variation of the substituents at the 2-, 3-, and 4-positions yielded compounds with a broad range of binding affinities and isoform selectivities. Several 2,4-substituted-3,5,6-trifluorobenzenesulfonamides were effective CAXIII inhibitors with high selectivity over off-target CAI and CAII. 3,4-Disubstituted-2,5,6-trifluorobenzenesulfonamides bound CAs with higher affinity than 2,4-disubstituted-3,5,6-trifluorobenzenesulfonamides. Many such fluorinated benzenesulfonamides were found to be nanomolar inhibitors of CAII, CAVII, tumor-associated CAIX and CAXII, and CAXIII. X-ray crystal structures of inhibitors bound in the active sites of several CA isoforms provide structure-activity relationship information for inhibitor binding affinities and selectivity.
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