Journal
PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 12, Pages 724-734Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12388
Keywords
CD8 T cell; neutralizing antibody; Theileria annulata; Theileria parva; vaccination
Categories
Funding
- UK Department for International Development (DfID)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) UK [BB/H009515/1]
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
- DfID UK [OPP1078791]
- CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
- Norman Borlaug Commemorative Research Initiative
- USAID Feed the Future program
- USDA-ARS [58-5348-2-117F]
- BBSRC Institute ISP [BB/J004227/1]
- BBSRC [BB/H009515/1, BBS/E/D/05201234, BBS/E/D/05201236] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BBS/E/D/05201236, BB/H009515/1, BBS/E/D/05201234] Funding Source: researchfish
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Despite having different cell tropism, the pathogenesis and immunobiology of the diseases caused by Theileria parva and Theileria annulata are remarkably similar. Live vaccines have been available for both parasites for over 40 years, but although they provide strong protection, practical disadvantages have limited their widespread application. Efforts to develop alternative vaccines using defined parasite antigens have focused on the sporozoite and intracellular schizont stages of the parasites. Experimental vaccination studies using viral vectors expressing T. parva schizont antigens and T. parva and T. annulata sporozoite antigens incorporated in adjuvant have, in each case, demonstrated protection against parasite challenge in a proportion of vaccinated animals. Current work is investigating alternative antigen delivery systems in an attempt to improve the levels of protection. The genome architecture and protein-coding capacity of T. parva and T. annulata are remarkably similar. The major sporozoite surface antigen in both species and most of the schizont antigens are encoded by orthologous genes. The former have been shown to induce species cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies, and comparison of the schizont antigen orthologues has demonstrated that some of them display high levels of sequence conservation. Hence, advances in development of subunit vaccines against one parasite species are likely to be readily applicable to the other.
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