Journal
PANCREAS
Volume 45, Issue 2, Pages 311-316Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000392
Keywords
pancreatic cancer; alcohol; early onset; very early onset; smoking; obesity
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Funding
- Louisiana Board of Regents Millennium Trust Health Excellence Fund [5]
- Prevention, Control, and Population Research Goldstein Award
- Society of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Geoffrey Beene Cancer Research Fund
- National Cancer Institute [CA59706, CA108370, CA109767, CA89726, CA098889, 5R01CA098870]
- Rombauer Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund
- California Department of Public Health
- National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program [N01-PC-35136]
- National Institutes of Health as part of the PACGENE consortium [R01 CA97075]
- National Institutes of Health [U01CA74783]
- Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research
- Ontario Cancer Research Network
- Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) [10068]
- Cancer Research Society
- National Cancer Institute of Canada
- Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (formerly Welfare, Health and Culture)
- National Cancer Institute (Mayo Clinic SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer) [P50CA102701]
- National Cancer Institute (Pancreatic Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Consortium (PACGENE) [R01CA97075]
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Objectives While pancreatic cancer (PC) most often affects older adults, to date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of risk factors among PC patients younger than 60 years. Methods We defined early-onset PC (EOPC) and very-early-onset PC (VEOPC) as diagnosis of PC in patients younger than 60 and 45 years, respectively. We pooled data from 8 case-control studies, including 1954 patients with EOPC and 3278 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations with EOPC and VEOPC. Results Family history of PC, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, and pancreatitis were associated with EOPC. Alcohol use equal to or greater than 26 g daily also was associated with increased risk of EOPC (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.84), and there appeared to be a dose- and age-dependent effect of alcohol on risk. The point estimate for risk of VEOPC was an odds ratio of 2.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.09). Conclusions The established risk factors for PC, including smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and obesity, also apply to EOPC. Alcohol intake appeared to have an age-dependent effect; the strongest association was with VEOPC.
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