Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 27, Issue 20, Pages 7149-7155Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03169
Keywords
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Funding
- Chinese National Natural Science Foundation [51202266, 21202178]
- International S&T Cooperation Program of China [2015DFG62670]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS [2015167]
- Basic Research Program of Qingdao [14-2-4-8-jch]
- Qingdao Key Lab of Solar Energy Utilization and Energy Storage Technology
- U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR 1305913, OIA-1538893]
- Office of Integrative Activities
- Office Of The Director [1538893] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Formamidinium lead triiodide (HC(NH2)(2)PbI3 or FAPbI(3)) is gaining increasing interest in the field of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for its broader light absorption compared with the more widely studied CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI(3)). Because FAPbI(3) has two polymorphs (black alpha-FAPbI(3) and yellow delta-FAPbI(3)) at ambient temperature, where alpha-FAPbI(3) is the desirable photoactive perovskite phase, it becomes particularly important to suppress the formation of the nonperovskite delta-FAPbI(3) for achieving high efficiency in FAPbI(3)-based mesoscopic PSCs. In this study, we demonstrate that the judicious use of low-volatility additives in the precursor solution assists in the evolution of alpha-FAPbI(3) through the formation of non-delta-FAPbI(3) intermediate phases, which then convert to alpha-FAPbI(3) during thermal annealing. The underlying mechanism involved in the additive-modulated evolution of alpha-FAPI(3) upon mesoporous TiO2 substrates is elucidated, which suggests guidelines for developing protocols for the fabrication efficient FAPbI(3)-based mesoscopic PSCs.
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