Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 27, Issue 7, Pages 2309-2314Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/cm502710r
Keywords
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Funding
- National Research Foundation (NRF), Singapore through CRP Award [NRF-CRP4-2008-03]
- Singapore-Berkeley Research Initiative for Sustainable Energy (SinBeRISE) CREATE programme
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The effect of film Morphology on the photovoltaic PerformanCeS is illustrated. Pin holes free and uniform films could be formed by Slowing down the crystallization rate through additional of excess CH3NH3+. Though better film coVerage is obtained, the device series resistance increases as excess CH3NR3I increases. Thertnogravimetric analysis confirms the, presence of residual excess CH3NH3I in the final film. When chlorine is added to the CH3N143+ rich system, CH3NH3Cl is formed and can easily sublime during annealing at 100 degrees C. A little ttace of excess CH3NH3Cl can be detected from thermogravic analysis, and the residual chlorine atoms match with XPS reading.
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