Journal
OCULAR SURFACE
Volume 14, Issue 2, Pages 121-134Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2015.11.004
Keywords
graft versus host disease; immunity; inflammation; mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell transplantation
Categories
Funding
- NIH/NEI [1R01EY021768]
- Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, NY
- Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel (CAPES)
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of fibroblast-like multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSCs possess a unique ability to exert suppressive and regulatory effects on both adaptive and innate immunity in an autologous and allogeneic manner. A vital step in stem cell transplantation is overcoming the potential graft-versus-host disease, which is a limiting factor to transplantation success. Given that MSCs attain powerful differentiation capabilities and also present immunosuppressive properties, which enable them to survive host immune rejection, MSCs are of great interest. Due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types and to suppress and modulate the immune system, MSCs are being developed for treating a plethora of diseases, including immune disorders. Moreover, in recent years, MSCs have been genetically engineered to treat and sometimes even cure some diseases, and the use of MSCs for cell therapy presents new perspectives for overcoming tissue rejection. In this review, we discuss the potential extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms that underlie MSCs' unique ability to modulate inflammation, and both innate and adaptive immunity.
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