Journal
OCEAN MODELLING
Volume 99, Issue -, Pages 110-132Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.12.008
Keywords
Arctic Ocean; Sea ice; Freshwater; CORE II atmospheric forcing
Categories
Funding
- Helmholtz Climate Initiative REKLIM (Regional Climate Change) project
- Co-Operative Project RACE-Regional Atlantic Circulation and Global Change - German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0651B]
- Research Council of Norway through the Earth-Clim [207711/E10]
- NOTUR/NorStore projects
- Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
- Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research
- Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project
- U. S.National Science Foundation (NSF)
- NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program [NA09OAR4310163, NA13OAR4310138]
- NSF Collaborative Research EaSM2 [OCE-1243015]
- UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Marine Centres' Strategic National Capability Research Programme
- UK NERC TEA-COSI Research Project [NE/I028947]
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP)
- Directorate For Geosciences [1022472] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Natural Environment Research Council [noc010010, NE/I028947/1, NE/I029633/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- NERC [NE/I028947/1, noc010010, NE/I029633/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The Arctic Ocean simulated in fourteen global ocean-sea ice models in the framework of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments, phase 11 (CORE 11) is analyzed. The focus is on the Arctic sea ice extent, the solid freshwater (FW) sources and solid freshwater content (FWC). Available observations are used for model evaluation. The variability of sea ice extent and solid FW budget is more consistently reproduced than their mean state in the models. The descending trend of September sea ice extent is well simulated in terms of the model ensemble mean. Models overestimating sea ice thickness tend to underestimate the descending trend of September sea ice extent. The models underestimate the observed sea ice thinning trend by a factor of two. When averaged on decadal time scales, the variation of Arctic solid FWC is contributed by those of both sea ice production and sea ice transport, which are out of phase in time. The solid FWC decreased in the recent decades, caused mainly by the reduction in sea ice thickness. The models did not simulate the acceleration of sea ice thickness decline, leading to an underestimation of solid FWC trend after 2000. The common model behavior, including the tendency to underestimate the trend of sea ice thickness and March sea ice extent, remains to be improved. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available